Textile machinery (machinery and equipment needed to convert fibers into textiles)

Basic introduction

Textile machinery is the natural fiber or chemical fiber processing into the textile needs of various mechanical equipment. Although the production of chemical fiber machinery, including a variety of chemical machinery, is now considered to be an extension of textile machinery, is a broad textile machinery. Cotton, hemp, silk, wool and other different fibers into textiles need different procedures, some are completely different, so the need for machines are various, various. Textile machinery is usually classified according to the production process, including spinning equipment, weaving equipment, printing and dyeing equipment, finishing equipment, chemical fiber spinning equipment, silk reeling equipment and non-woven fabric equipment. Spinning equipment is divided into two categories: short fiber processing and long fiber processing. Cotton and cotton-type chemical fiber belong to short fiber class, wool, hemp, silk and so on

Blended chemical fiber belongs to long fiber class. The two types of fibers are processed differently, and the equipment is not universal, but some machines are designed in similar ways. Even though the knots of the same type of equipment are similar to each other, due to the nature of the raw materials and the different final requirements for the fabric, they are generally not universal.

Textile machinery is the means of production and material basis of textile industry. Its technical level, quality and manufacturing cost are directly related to the development of textile industry.



The development history

Man's first use of natural fibers as raw materials for spinning and weaving, before the invention of writing (see world textile history, Chinese textile history). During the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, China began to spin with a hand spinning wheel. By the song dynasty, a large hydraulic spinning wheel with more than 30 spindles had been invented. In 1769 Richard arkwright, an Englishman, made a water-spinning machine. In 1779, an Englishman, s. crompton (Samuel crompton), invented the spindle spinning machine. After being introduced to the United States, American j. thorpe invented ring spinning machine in 1828, which increased the productivity by several times because of continuous spinning. Looms in the warring states period of China used the lever principle to drive the heald frame to complete the opening. In 1733, an Englishman, j. kay, invented the flying shuttle, which struck the shuttle at high speed and multiplied loom productivity. In 1785, British e. cartwright invented the power loom. In the same year, Britain built the world's first cotton textile factory powered by steam engine, which was a turning point in the transition of textile industry from workshop and handicraft industry to large-scale industrial production. The progress of human society and the increase of population promote the development of textile industry and correspondingly promote the improvement of textile machinery. The energy reform (replacing human and animal power with steam power) laid the foundation for modern textile machinery.

At the end of the 19th century, artificial fiber appeared, which broadened the field of textile machinery and added a category of chemical fiber machinery. The increasing demand for synthetic fibers has driven the development of synthetic fiber spinning equipment towards large scale (spinning screw diameter up to 200 mm, single spinning machine daily output up to 100 tons) and high speed (spinning speed up to 3000 ~ 4000 meters per minute). The world's fastest growing synthetic fiber industry in the country, almost in 5 to 6 years to upgrade the equipment, the number of machines in 10 years to double. In recent 20 years, many local improvements have been made to the spinning equipment to adapt to the pure spinning of chemical fiber or the blending of natural fiber, such as extending the range of drawing mechanism suitable for spinning fiber length and eliminating the static electricity on the fiber. High temperature and high pressure dyeing equipment, heat setting equipment, resin finishing equipment and loose finishing equipment are developed in dyeing and finishing.

Humans have been using traditional methods of spinning and weaving for more than 6,000 years. Up to now, spinning and weaving machines designed according to traditional principles are still the main equipment in the world's textile industry. But since the 1950s, new processes have been created to produce textiles, such as rotor spinning and non-woven fabrics, with much greater efficiency, partly in place of traditional methods. New technology breeds new textile equipment, and new textile equipment matures and promotes further development of textile industry.